Africa’s energy sector is vital to the continent’s future development and yet remains the most relatively poorly understood part of the global energy system. Africa is rich in both renewable and fossil energy sources: its energy mix is dominated by bioenergy, it has a huge solar energy potential, and renewable energy technologies (mainly hydropower) already…

Crowdfunding websites are increasingly being used as a mechanism to fund the provision of public goods. Crowdfunding is the practice of raising capital from many investors to fund a project through an on-line platform. It is a relatively new mechanism, with well-known platforms such as FundRazr, GoFundMe, Kickstarter, and IndieGoGo having been launched only in…

Modernization of agricultural land use across Europe is responsible for a substantial decline of linear vegetation elements such as tree lines, hedgerows, riparian vegetation and green lanes. These linear objects have an important function for biodiversity, e.g. as ecological corridors and local habitats for many animal and plant species. Knowledge on their spatial distribution is…

The recent rapid growth in traffic congestion in The Netherlands has revived discussions on how to best deal with this persistent challenge for urban policy makers. It was already back in the 1920’s that the Cambridge economist Arthur Pigou developed what is to date the textbook analysis of the economics of traffic congestion; including a clear…

The Blitz lasted from September 1940 to May 1941, during which the Luftwaffe dropped 18,291 tons of high explosives and countless incendiaries across Greater London. Although these attacks have now largely faded from living memory, our recent paper ”The Billion Pound Drop” shows that the impact of the Blitz remains evident to this day in…

We have argued for a very long time that the fundamental problem with housing in Britain is a lack of supply: we have been underbuilding for two generations. Updating the simple estimate one of us made in 2014, the shortfall in building in England just since 1994 has gone up from about 2m homes to…

Living Apart Together: The economic value of ethnic diversity in cities Why are cosmopolitan cities like New York, London, and Amsterdam attractive residential locations? Apart from the fact that there are many well paid jobs, these attractive residential cities are also rich in amenities. These amenities include good public services, but also an abundant supply…

In many countries, vast amounts of public money are invested to preserve historic buildings. In the Netherlands, for example, total public expenditures on renovation subsidies have been more than a billion euros since the 1970s. In Britain, more than 45 thousand buildings are listed, which implies that they are eligible for substantial subsidies, e.g. via…

Providing parking permits to residents (and companies) is standard procedure in Dutch parking policy. Issuing parking permits takes different forms: in many areas permits are no longer granted to every resident who wants one. The larger cities in particular impose restrictions on the number of cars per household: in some areas of Amsterdam residents can…

Urban areas are rapidly transforming. This is particularly true in the Netherlands where residential development is continuing to claim agricultural land alongside with transforming vacant industrial buildings or filling under-used sites. Future developments are the topic of heated debates and especially the potential of urban transformations to accommodate the projected growth in housing stock is…